Edexcel IAL Economics U2 Concept Map
36 个知识节点 · U2
1. Macro objectives & conflicts
Macro objectives & government role(宏观目标与政府)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2024 (P75889A)
Conflicts & trade-offs between objectives(目标冲突)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2023 (P72048A)
2. Circular flow & national income
Injections: \(I+G+X\)(注入)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2025 (P78817A)
Withdrawals: \(S+T+M\)(撤出 / 漏出)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
3. GDP, GNI & living standards
GDP / GNI: real vs nominal(产出与收入测度)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2024 (P75889A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2023 (P73483A)
Indicators & limitations ((HDI) 等)(指标局限)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2025 (P78817A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Jan 2026 (P87656A)
4. Income distribution & equity
Inequality metrics ((Gini), Lorenz)(不平等测度)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A) · Extract
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A) · Extract
Equity, poverty & redistributive policies(公平与再分配)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A)
5. Growth, cycles & output gap
Economic growth & recession(增长与衰退)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2024 (P75889A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Oct 2025 (P87428A)
Trend vs actual & output gap(趋势、实际与产出缺口)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A)
6. Inflation & price stability
Inflation & CPI measurement(通胀与 CPI)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Jan 2026 (P87656A)
Causes, costs & deflation risk(成因、代价与通缩)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2025 (P78817A)
7. Unemployment
Measurement (ILO) & types(失业测度与类型)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Oct 2025 (P87428A)
Costs, natural rate & underemployment(代价与自然率)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
8. Aggregate demand (\(AD\))
\(AD=C+I+G+(X-M)\) & downward slope(总需求)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Shifts in \(AD\): wealth, interest, \(XR\)(总需求移动因素)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
9. Aggregate supply (\(SRAS,LRAS\))
\(SRAS\): movement vs shift(短期总供给)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2024 (P78381A)
\(LRAS\): classical vs Keynesian ideas(长期总供给)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Jan 2026 (P87656A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2023 (P72048A)
10. Multiplier & leakages
Multiplier & marginal propensities(乘数与边际倾向)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Jan 2026 (P87656A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2023 (P73483A)
Open economy: \(MPM\) & tax leakages(开放经济乘数)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
11. Fiscal policy
Instruments & budget stance(财政政策工具)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A)
Automatic stabilizers & crowding out(自动稳定器与挤出)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
12. Monetary policy & central bank
Interest rates, \(QE\) & transmission(货币政策)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
Central bank roles & financial stability(央行职能)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01A Jan 2026 (P87656A)
13. Supply-side policies
Market-based supply-side policies(市场导向供给政策)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A)
Interventionist policies & \(LRAS\)(干预型供给与长期)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2025 (P78817A)
14. Phillips & expectations
\(SRPC\): inflation–unemployment trade-off(短期菲利普斯)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2024 (P75889A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Expectations & long-run neutrality(预期与长期中性)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A)
15. Balance of payments & trade
\(BOP\) structure & current account(国际收支)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2024 (P75889A)
Trade balance & competitiveness(贸易余额与竞争力)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
16. Exchange rates & regimes
Fixed, floating & managed rates(汇率制度与干预)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2025 (P78462A) · Section B
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
Depreciation / appreciation & \(ToT\)(升贬值与贸易条件)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2024 (P75594A)
17. Capital flows & open macro
Financial account: \(FDI\) & portfolio flows(资本与金融账户)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2025 (P78817A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
Spillovers & linkages to \(AD\)(溢出与总需求联系)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Jan 2026 (P79139A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2025 (P78817A)
18. Evaluation & policy mix
Time lags, constraints & uncertainty(时滞与约束)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2024 (P75889A)
Policy mix & coordination(政策组合与协调)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 May 2025 (P78809A)
Edexcel IAL WEC12/01 Oct 2023 (P75611A)