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AS 物理定义填空训练
CIE AS 物理（9702）核心定义填空训练，即时反馈与进度。
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General physics AS
物理量与测量语言
Physical quantity
Any physical quantity contains a numerical ＿＿＿ and its associated ＿＿＿.
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Any physical quantity contains a numerical value and its associated unit.
Vector quantity
Quantity which has both ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿.
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A vector quantity is a quantity which has both magnitude and direction.
Accurate
Measurements are close to the ＿＿＿ value.
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Accurate measurements are close to the true value.
Precise
Measurements have a ＿＿＿.
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Precise measurements have a small range.
Mechanics Mech
运动、力、动量、能量与转动平衡
Displacement
The ＿＿＿ of a straight line in a ＿＿＿.
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Displacement is the distance of a straight line in a particular direction.
Speed
Rate of change of ＿＿＿.
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Speed is the rate of change of distance.
Velocity
Rate of change of ＿＿＿.
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Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
Average velocity
The ＿＿＿ over ＿＿＿.
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Average velocity is the total displacement over time taken.
Acceleration
Rate of change of ＿＿＿.
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Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
Newton's 2nd law
The resultant force is the rate of change of ＿＿＿.
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Newton's second law states that the resultant force is the rate of change of momentum.
Momentum
Product of ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿.
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Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
Conservation of momentum
The sum of the momentum ＿＿＿ is equal to the sum of the momentum ＿＿＿ in an ＿＿＿.
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The sum of the momentum before a collision is equal to the sum of the momentum after a collision in an isolated system.
Moment
Product of ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿.
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Moment is the product of force and perpendicular distance.
Equilibrium
Resultant ＿＿＿ and resultant ＿＿＿ are ＿＿＿.
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An object is in equilibrium when the resultant force and resultant moment are zero.
Centre of mass
The point where all ＿＿＿ acts on.
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The centre of mass is the point where all weight acts on.
Principle of moments
The sum of ＿＿＿ is equal to the sum of anti＿＿＿ at any point.
显示答案
The principle of moments states that the sum of clockwise moments is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments at any point.
Work done
Product of ＿＿＿ and the distance along the ＿＿＿.
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Work done is the product of force and the distance along the force.
Conservation of energy
Energy cannot be ＿＿＿, only transfers from different forms.
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only transfers from different forms.
Material Mat
材料与弹性定义
Density
＿＿＿ per unit ＿＿＿.
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Density is mass per unit volume.
Stress
＿＿＿ over ＿＿＿.
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Stress is force over cross-sectional area.
Strain
＿＿＿ over ＿＿＿.
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Strain is extension over original length.
Young modulus
＿＿＿ / ＿＿＿.
显示答案
Young modulus is stress divided by strain.
Wave Wave
波动、叠加、相干与驻波
Transverse / longitudinal wave
The direction of vibration of particles is ＿＿＿ / ＿＿＿ to the direction of wave travel.
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For a transverse wave, the particle vibration is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel; for a longitudinal wave, it is parallel.
Progressive wave
A wave that ＿＿＿.
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A progressive wave is a wave that transfers energy.
Polarization
Oscillations in a ＿＿＿ that is ＿＿＿ to the direction of wave travel.
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Polarization is oscillation in a single plane that is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.
Diffraction
Wave ＿＿＿ when passing through a gap.
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Diffraction is when a wave spreads out after passing through a gap.
Principle of superposition
When two waves ＿＿＿, the resultant displacement is the ＿＿＿ of the individual displacement of each wave.
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When two waves meet, the resultant displacement is the vector sum of the individual displacement of each wave.
Coherent
Waves with the same ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿.
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Coherent waves have the same frequency and a constant phase difference.
Stationary wave
When two progressive waves with the same ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿ travel in ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿.
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A stationary wave is formed when two progressive waves with the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions and overlap.
Electricity Elec
电路定义与基尔霍夫定律
Ohm's law
The resistance of a resistor is equal to the potential ＿＿＿ / ＿＿＿ across it.
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Ohm's law states that the resistance of a resistor is equal to the potential difference divided by the current across it.
Current
Rate of flow of ＿＿＿.
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Current is the rate of flow of charge.
Potential difference
＿＿＿ per unit ＿＿＿.
显示答案
Potential difference is energy transferred per unit charge.
Emf
The emf of a ＿＿＿ is the ＿＿＿ per unit ＿＿＿ passing through the ＿＿＿.
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The emf of a source is the electric energy produced per unit charge passing through the source.
Terminal pd
The ＿＿＿ per unit ＿＿＿ delivered by the ＿＿＿ when it is in a circuit.
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The terminal potential difference of a source is the electric energy per unit charge delivered by the source when it is in a circuit.
Kirchhoff's 1st law
The sum of ＿＿＿ any point in a circuit is equal to the sum of ＿＿＿ that point in a ＿＿＿ loop.
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The sum of currents entering any point in a circuit is equal to the sum of currents leaving that point in a closed loop.
Kirchhoff's 2nd law
The sum of the ＿＿＿ is equal to the sum of the ＿＿＿ in a ＿＿＿ loop.
显示答案
The sum of the emfs is equal to the sum of the potential differences in a closed loop.
Particle physics Part
粒子物理基础定义
Isotopes
Nuclei with the same number of ＿＿＿, but different number of ＿＿＿.
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Isotopes are nuclei with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
Fundamental particles
Particles which cannot be ＿＿＿.
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Fundamental particles are particles which cannot be broken into smaller parts.
Baryon
Particles consist of ＿＿＿.
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Baryons are particles consisting of three quarks.
Meson
Particles consist of one ＿＿＿ and one anti-＿＿＿.
显示答案
Mesons are particles consisting of one quark and one anti-quark.
Anti-particle
Particle with the same ＿＿＿, but ＿＿＿.
显示答案
An anti-particle is a particle with the same mass, but opposite charge.